Mucus in stools- Ayurvedic Treatment, Diet, Exercises, Research Papers,

Введение

Mucus in the body is natural and a very important part of how the body works. Tissues produce mucus to line and protect very important body parts including the mouth, nose, sinuses, throat, lungs, and gut. Most times, mucus is clear and thin. However, illness, diet, or environmental factors can sometimes increase mucus consistency. Mucus can even change in colour in some diseases like in a chronic sinus infection. They may notice when the mucus in a tissue after blowing their nose is a greenish colour.

The content of the stool is also an indicator of health or the disease. Mucus present in stools can be a sign of a serious underlying condition.

Signs & symptoms

Presence of mucus in the stool

Associated signs & symptoms depend upon the underlying cause.

Gastric symptoms that may be present with mucus in stool include:

Abdominal cramps or pain

Distension of abdomen

Bloating or belching

Foul or abnormal smell of stools

Changes in colour & consistency of stools

Диарея

Faecal incontinence or urgency

Gas trouble

Тошнота

Рвота

Painful defaecation

Причины

Dehydration and constipation can cause mucus from the colon to leave the body. This gives the stool the appearance of increased mucus.

When stool has visible mucus, it can be a sign of:

Bacterial infections
Anal fissures
A bowel obstruction
Crohn’s disease.
Bacterial infections usually caused by bacteria such as campylobacter, salmonella, shigella, and yersinia which produce food poisoning.
Anal fissure or a tear in the lining of the lower rectum and an ulcer followed by it. It is caused by persistent diarrhoea, tough stools, and other difficult bowel situations. Ulcers can be present due to chemotherapy or radiotherapy also.
Bowel obstruction.
Irritable bowel syndrome
Язвенный колит

· Crohn’s disease

Diet related causes – Food allergies such as those associated with nuts, lactose, or gluten, can cause mucus in the stool.

Патофизиология

Diarrhoea is the reversal of the normal net absorptive status of water and electrolyte absorption to secretion. Such a derangement can be seen as either osmolar or secretory pathophysiology.

Mucus present in the stool mostly show the secretory type of diarrhoea. In the typical active secretory state, enhanced anion secretion (mostly by the crypt cell compartment) is best exemplified by enterotoxin-induced diarrhoea.

In secretory diarrhoea, the epithelial cells’ ion transport processes are turned into a state of active secretion. The most common cause of acute-onset secretory diarrhoea is a bacterial infection of the gut. Several mechanisms may be at work. After colonization, enteric pathogens may adhere to or invade the epithelium; they may produce enterotoxins (exotoxins that elicit secretion by increasing an intracellular second messenger) or cytotoxins. They may also trigger release of cytokines attracting inflammatory cells, which, in turn, contribute to the activated secretion by inducing the release of agents such as prostaglandins or platelet-activating factor. Features of secretory diarrhoea include a high purging rate, a lack of response to fasting, and a normal stool ion gap (ie, 100 mOsm/kg or less), indicating that nutrient absorption is intact

Диагноз

Medical history

Physical examination

Stool examination

Anorectal examination

Proctoscopy

Endoscopy

Colonoscopy

Ultrasound

CT scan

Treatments

Treatment aims on relieving the cause behind the symptom. Underlying diseases, if present should be addressed and managed well along with symptomatic management.

Diet changes

Intake of light & easy to digest food items,

Taking enough liquids,

Having needed ratio of fibre-protein-carbohydrate in diet,

Avoiding irritating foods & foods that causing allergy

Medications like metronidazole, antibiotics etc.

Прогноз

Depending upon the underlying disease, it can be good bad or very poor.

Осложнения

Depend highly upon the disease-causing pathology. Probable complications are:

Анемия

Obstruction, infarction or perforation of the bowel

Metastasis of carcinoma

Spread of infection

Dehydration and malnourishment

Electrolyte imbalance

Disease & Ayurveda

Atisaara-Kaphaja

Нидана

Excess water intake

Intake of dry meat & meat of emaciated animal

Food which is not habitual or suitable to body

Sesame (dry, grinded and oil removed)

Sprouts

Алкоголь

Dry food intake

Excess food intake

Геморрой

Faulty routine during ghee intake (as a treatment)

Intestinal parasites

Подавление естественных влечений

Пурваарупа

Pricking pain in chest, rectum and abdomen

Weakness of body

Запор

Distended abdomen

Несварение желудка

Сампрапти

Due to the causative factors, Vaata dosha vitiates and brings the water content in the body into the koshtha and expels through anus. With this excess water in koshtha, reduces the Agni (digestive fire), damages the gastrointestinal tract along with faecal matter and causes loose stools. It makes the stool watery and the disease diarrhoea gets manifested especially in people who eat unwholesome diet.

Лакшана

Vaathika

Watery, more frequent stools with obstruction

Defaecation with pain & abnormal sounds

Dry, frothy/clear or hardened stools

Resembles over-cooked jaggery

Sticky stools passed with severe tearing pain

Dryness of mouth

Rectal prolapse

Horripilation

Groaning

Paittika

Yellow, black, green like grass,

With blood

Foul smelling,

Excess thirst

Fainting/giddiness

Excess sweating

Burning sensation

Abdominal pain

Heat and inflammation of rectum & anus

Kaphaja

Heavy, sticky, with thread-like structures, white in colour, oily & sticky, faeces with particles of undigested food

Irregular & interrupted flow containing only a little faecal matter in one vega with mucous &foul smell,

With flatulence

Pain

Excess sleep

Lazy

Aversion to food

Horripilation

Feeling that not completely voided faeces after defaecation

Sannipatajam

All three doshalakshanas are present

Bhayajam and Shokajam

(Resembles Vaata-Pitta akshanas)

Very hot and liquified stools

Very light & floating

Подразделения

6 types

Vaatika
Paittika
Kaphaja
Thridoshaja or sannipaatika
Bhayajam (due to fear/anxiety)
Sokajam (due to grief)

2 types

Saamam – with indigestion

Niraamam – without indigestion

2 types

Saraktam – with bleeding

Araktam – without bleeding

Прогноз

Kricchrasadhya in healthy individuals without any complications & dhatudushti.

Asaadhya in children, old persons and with complications.

Чикитса

Ayurveda treatment for atisaara includes fasting as an important method.

Самана

Langhana – fasting

Upekshaa – Leaving the body to expel out the excess doshas by atisaara

Aamapachana

Agnideepana

Содхана

Vamana – In atisaara with severe abdominal pain & distension

Snehavasti

Kashayavasti-Picchavasti

Часто используемые лекарства

Vilwadi gulika

Kaidaryadi Kashayam Tablet

Takrarishta Churna

Бренды в наличии

AVS Коттакал

AVP Коимбатур

SNA Oushadhasala

Домашние средства

Taking Oral Rehydration Therapy: Mix one glass of boiled water with one teaspoon of sugar & one pinch of salt. Take it sip by sip for 3-4 hours. This is the simplest method of rehydration which can be done at home.

Moderate fasting on solid foods till feeling better & hungry.

Fenugreek seeds boiled in water for drinking

Carminatives like cumin seeds help correct the indigestion

Buttermilk boiled with turmeric, curry leaves, ginger, etc.

Диета

Следует избегать

Heavy meals and difficult to digest foods – cause indigestion.

junk foods- cause disturbance in digestion and reduces the bioavailability of the medicine

carbonated drinks – makes the stomach more acidic and disturbed digestion

refrigerated and frozen foods – causes weak and sluggish digestion by weakening agni (digestive fire)

curd – causes vidaaha and thereby many other diseases

To be added

Drink only boiled water

Light meals and easily digestible foods

Green gram, soups, buttermilk boiled with turmeric, ginger and curry leaves

freshly cooked and warm food processed with cumin seeds, ginger, black pepper, ajwain etc

Behaviour:

Better to avoid exposure to excessive sunlight wind rain or dust.

Avoid lifting heavy weights and other vigorous physical activities.

Maintain a regular food and sleep schedule.

Avoid sitting continuously for a long time and avoid squatting.

Йога

Complete bedrest is advised for a patient with loose stools. But after regaining normal health, following a daily exercise routine will help the person to improve digestion & health.

Stretching exercises and specific yoga asanas like pavanamuktasana, vajrasana, bhujangasana etc are recommended.

Regular exercise helps improve bioavailability of the medicine and food ingested and leads to positive health.

Yoga can maintain harmony within and with surroundings.

Паванамуктасана

Vajrasana

Бхуджангасана

All the exercises and physical exertions must be decided and done under the supervision of a medical expert only.

Научные статьи

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6562534/