Recurrent Infections in Kids- Ayurvedic Treatment, Diet, Exercises,

Children as their immune system and all body functions are not completely developed, are more prone to infections than adults. They get attacked by many types of small and severe infections often. Recurrent infections are infections that are too great in number, too severe, or too long lasting. Recurrent or persistent infection is the major manifestation of primary immunodeficiency. While most children with recurrent infections have a normal immunity, it is important to recognize the child with an underlying immunodeficiency in order to investigate and treat appropriately.

Signs and symptoms

General symptoms like fussiness, refusing to eat, lethargy, and more
A runny nose (that can be clear, yellow, or green)
A sore throat
Swollen tonsils
Swollen glands
A cough
Shortness of breath
Rapid breathing
Wheezing
Cyanosis
Chest retraction

Причины

Recurrent infections in children usually occur due to an imbalance between exposure to infectious diseases and the ability of the immune system to ward off the infection.

Патофизиология

Mostly transient or permanent immune system deficiencies are present. It should be pointed, that a true immunodeficiency is rare. Pathophysiology includes:

defects of Fcγ receptor IIIa (CD16) on natural killer cells,
defect of interleukin receptor-associate kinase 4 (IRAK4),
reduction in IL-12 production,
polymorphisms in genes CCR2, CCR5 and mannose-binding lectin gene,
mutations in TLR-4 encoding sequences,
defective removal of the apoptotic neutrophils by alveolar macrophages,
pathologic phagocytosis and production of reactive oxygen intermediates from polymorphonuclear cells
decrease neutrophil chemotaxis,
mild decrease in the number of CD4+, CD8+, CD19+ and NK-cells,
alterations in the cytokine production by lymphocytes (↑ IL-4, ↑ IL-10, ↓ IFN-γ, ↓ IL-2),
decreases IgM, IgA, IgG subclasses, mannose-binding lectin, L-ficolin,
defects in the production post-infectious specific antibodies.

Диагноз

Criteria for diagnosis includes:

Two or more severe infections in one year
Three or more respiratory infections (e.g., sinusitis, otitis, bronchitis) in one year
The need for antibiotics for two months/year
Severe/serious infections include those with persistent evidence of inflammation (e.g., fever) or confinement to bed for a week or more (e.g., missing school or other activities), failure to respond to oral antibiotics and/or the need for intravenous antibiotics or hospitalization.
Infections with an unusual pathogen
Unusual complications (e.g., mastoiditis, pleural effusion, abscesses) or persistent laboratory abnormalities (e.g., leucocytosis, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR]/C-reactive protein [CRP], persistent imaging abnormalities).

Physical examination

Blood tests:

Complete blood count (CBC) and differential blood count
HIV test
Serum immunoglobulin levels
Sweat chloride test
Ciliary function tests

Imaging techniques:

X Ray
CT
MRI

Treatments

Avoiding all risk factors
Immunizations
Immunoglobulin treatment
Антибиотики

Прогноз

Most of the children do not have an immunodeficiency, but if they do, this often concerns an antibody deficiency. If they have a positive history for immunodeficiency, detailed immunological investigation is mandatory.

Осложнения

Bronchiectasis

Antibiotic resistance

Астма

Deficiency disorders

Disease & Ayurveda

Ayurveda explains children upto sixteen years as asampoornadhaatu or incompletely developed body tissues. As they are in the growing stage and their organs & organ systems are not fully developed, Ayurveda considers as more prone to diseases. At the same time, many strong medications and treatments are contraindicated in children due to underdeveloped muscles and physical & mental strength. Considering these factors, children are considered to more prone to hyper reactivity and allergic response which leads to recurrent infections in kids. Even normal healthy kids are like this, then premature born or malnourished children will suffer such episodes in a higher frequency & severity. All these conditions can be considered as grahabaadha or Baalaarishtatha which elaborates a wide range of allergic & infective conditions in kids.

Нидана

Causative factors for the vitiation of doshas (mainly Kapha & Pitta) by mother(in breast fed child) and child. It can be related with food, daily/seasonal regimen or environment.

Пурваарупа

Crying without any reason

Restlessness

Excessive sleep & fatigue

Сампрапти

Due to causative factors, the doshas get vitiated and travel throughout the body and get lodged in places where the channels are blocked or deformed(srotovaigunya). There, the disease is manifested.

Лакшана

It depends upon the site of infection.

If the GIT is infected,

Vomiting, diarrhoea, distended abdomen, abdominal pain or headache can develop.

If respiratory tract is infected,

Cough, fever, breathing difficulty, chest pain or difficulty to sleep can develop.

If the ear is infected,

Pain, tenderness and stuffed feeling of ear and deafness can develop.

If the skin is infected,

Skin rashes, and fever can develop.

Подразделения

Не упоминается

Прогноз

Saadhya in most of the new & uncomplicated treatment

Чикитса

Ayurvedic treatment for the infection targets upon both improving the immunity of the child & symptomatic management. Any underlying condition like worms should be managed first, if present. Medicines given and dosage depend upon the infected organ/system and age of the child. Light & easily digestible but nutritious food is mandatory. Make sure enough hydration with herbal or boiled water drinking. Good sleep, proper hygiene and enough rest is assured during the time of treatment.

Most infections in kids can be managed with samana therapy itself. Sodhana therapies like vasti or nasya are done with utmost care in essential cases. Virechana & vamana are even more complicated therapies to be done in children when done as a part of panchakarma procedure. Only mild laxatives and emetics for an immediate cleansing are used in emergency conditions.

Часто используемые лекарства

Vidangakrishnadi kashayam

Indukantham kashayam

Ariyaradi kashayam

Pippallyasavam

Mustarishtam

Аравиндасавам

Gopeechandanadi gulika

Gorochanadi gulika

Rajanyadi choornam

Ashtachoornam

Бренды в наличии

AVS Коттакал

AVP Коимбатур

СНС Ушадхасала

Вайдьяратнам ушадхасала

Домашние средства

Symptomatic management according to the site of infection & age of the kid.

Диета

Следует избегать

Heavy meals and difficult to digest foods – cause indigestion.

Junk foods- cause disturbance in digestion and reduces the bioavailability of the medicine

Carbonated drinks – makes the stomach more acidic and disturbed digestion

Refrigerated and frozen foods – causes weak and sluggish digestion by weakening Agni (digestive fire)

Milk and milk products – increase kapha, cause obstruction in channels and obesity

Curd – causes vidaaha and thereby many other diseases

To be added

Light meals and easily digestible foods

Green gram, soups, honey

Freshly cooked and warm food processed with cumin seeds, ginger, black pepper, ajwain etc

Behaviour:

Protect the from extreme climate changes.

Better to avoid exposure to excessive sunlight wind rain or dust.

Maintain a regular food and sleep schedule.

Avoid holding or forcing the urges like urine, faeces, cough, sneeze etc.

Йога

Exercies and Yoga are not recommended in child with recurrent infections. Complete rest is advised.

Yoga is not advised even for healthy kids less than 7 years of age. So, a kid with recurrent infections should get professional help & guidance before starting any kind of exercises.

All the exercises and physical exertions must be decided and done under the supervision of a medical expert only.

Научные статьи

PMID: 30588168

We aimed to determine the differences in lymphocyte subgroups between DS children and the healthy population and to study the pattern and likelihood for recurrent infections and hospital admission due to infection. Our study was carried out in the Genetic Unit of Mansoura University Children’s Hospital, Egypt. The study enrolled 150 DS (DS group) and 100 controls (CG group). They were assessed for recurrent infections (including tonsillitis, otitis media [OM], pneumonia, upper respiratory tract infections [URTI], sinusitis, and gastroenteritis [GE]) and hospital admission due to infections. All patients were subjected to complete blood count and flow cytometric analysis for expression markers of B lymphocytes (CD19), natural killer (NK) cells (CD56), and T lymphocytes (CD3, CD4 and CD8). We found a statistically significant increase in the frequency of URTIs and sinusitis, OM, pneumonia, and hospital admission in the DS group. As regards the type of recurrent infection in DS, it was highest for URTIs and sinusitis. For age groups below 13 years, a statistically significant decrease in all studied CD markers was found in the DS group, while for the 13-18-year-olds, a statistically significant decrease was found in CD4, CD19, and CD56 in the DS group. Non-significant correlations were found between CD markers and recurrent infection and hospital admission. We concluded that lymphocyte subgroups that carry CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, and CD56 were decreased in DS. Recurrent infections and hospital admission are still striking feature for DS but are not significantly correlated with lymphocyte subgroups

PMID: 29115961

Immunofluorescence was used to explore the dynamics of anti-VSA IgG responses generated by children to (i) primary malaria episodes and (ii) recurrent P. falciparum infections.

Results

Consistent with previous studies on anti-VSA responses, sera from each child taken at the time of recovery from their respective primary infection tended to recognize their own secondary parasites poorly. Additionally, compared to patients with reinfections by parasites of new merozoite surface protein 2 (MSP2) genotypes, baseline sera sampled from patients with persistent infections (recrudescence) tended to have higher recognition of heterologous parasites. This is consistent with the prediction that anti-VSA IgG responses may play a role in promoting chronic asymptomatic infections.

Conclusions

This pilot study validates the utility of recurrent natural malaria infections as a functional readout for examining the incremental acquisition of immunity to malaria.

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Писатель:
Доктор Раджеш Наир, соучредитель и главный консультант Ayurvedaforall.Com, окончил престижный аюрведический колледж Vaidyaratnam (филиал Университета Каликут), штат Керала, Индия. Кроме того, он получил диплом об окончании аспирантуры по йогатерапии в Университете Аннамалай.

Доктор Наир проводит консультации в двух оживленных клиниках в Харипаде и его окрестностях, Аллеппи, Керала, южном штате, известном на весь мир аутентичным аюрведическим лечением и врачами. Предлагая консультации по всем аспектам аюрведического лечения, доктор Наир проявляет особый интерес к панчакарме, йоге и массажу.

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