Central Sleep Apnoea- Ayurvedic Treatment, Diet, Exercises, Research

Introduction

A less common disorder in which the breathing is disturbed with episodes of breathlessness during sleep, as the signals from the brain towards the breathing muscles are disturbed. It is often misinterpreted with obstructive sleep apnoea in which upper airway obstruction is the cause. Central sleep apnoea is otherwise caused by sleeping at high altitudes, heart failure or stroke.

Types

Cheyne-Stokes breathing (related with congestive heart failure or stroke), drug-induced (morphine, codeine etc) apnoea, high-altitude periodic breathing which is characterised by alternating hyperventilation and under-ventilation, treatment-emergent central sleep apnoea often associated with obstructive sleep apnoea, medical condition-induced central sleep apnoea (eg: kidney disease and stroke) and idiopathic/ primary central sleep apnoea are the various types.

Abnormal breathing patterns during sleep, episodes of breathlessness during sleep, snoring, disturbed sleep, insomnia, excessive sleep during day-time, headache especially in mornings, mood changes and difficulty in concentrating are the common symptoms of central sleep apnoea.

Causes of central sleep apnoea

The reason behind various types of sleep apnoea is different. Central sleep apnoea is mainly caused by disturbances in signal transmission from brain to breathing muscles.

Age (above 60 years), male sex, heart disease, stroke, high altitude, brain tumour, structural lesions of brainstem, use of opioids and CRAP are the common risk factors.

Treatment of central sleep apnoea

Central sleep apnoea can be managed by treating the underlying disease, reducing the use of opioids, oxygen supplementation or medicines (acetazolamide) to stimulate breathing. Techniques like CPAP, Adaptive Servo-ventilation (ASV), Bilevel positive airway pressure (BPAP) are often useful. Transvenous phrenic nerve stimulation is the latest surgical intervention to correct central sleep apnoea.

Complications of central sleep apnoea

Chronic central sleep apnoea may cause fatigue and cardiovascular diseases.

Ayurvedic Concept of central sleep apnoea

Any type of disturbance in breathing comes in Swaasa but central sleep apnoea has connections with other conditions also. It can be understood, connected with Vaata kopa in siras, especially of Praana vayu. Sometimes there will be Aavarana by kapha, as it is the seat of Kapha. In some cases, it affects the power of sensory organs like eyes, nose etc.

Ayurvedic Nidana of central sleep apnoea

Rookshata – excessive dryness in the body

Vyayama – excess physical exercise

Langhana – fasting and other measures that reduce body weight

Atyahara – excessive food intake

Abhighaata – physical injuries

Adhwa – travelling

Vegodeerana & dharana – Forceful expulsion or restricting of natural urges like urine

Ayurvedic treatment for central sleep apnoea

Therapies to reduce Kapha & obstructions to the channels in the head –

Nasya – nasal drops with herbal powders or oils

Dhoomapana – Fumigation/ smoking with herbs

Kabala – Gargling with herbal decoctions or medicated oils in warm water

Gandoosha – holding medicated decoctions inside the mouth for a while and spitting it out

Sirodhara -pouring of medicated liquids over the forehead

Swedana – sweating therapies

Herbal Preparations for central sleep apnoea

Guluchyadi kashayam

Manjishtadi Kashayam

Vidaryadi Kashayam

Pathyakshadhatryadi kashayam

Anutailam

Arimedadi tailam

Ksheerabala tailam

Yashtimadhu churna

Agasthya Rasayan

Diet & Regimen

Avoid food items that cause an increase in Kapha.

Avoid sticky oily & heavy food at night.

Avoid dairy products as much as possible

Take fresh warm and nutritious food rich in vegetables fruits pulses etc.

Avoid sedentary lifestyle & day sleeping habit

Maintain a healthy daily routine with sleep schedule

Yoga & Pranayama

Central sleep apnoea gets reduced remarkably with the practice of Yoga and pranayama under expert supervision

Ushtrasana (camel pose)

Savasana(corpse pose

Ardhamatsyendrasana(semi-spinal twisted pose)

Bhujangasana(serpant or cobra pose)

Simha garjana (making roaring exhalation in Lion pose)

Ujjayi pranayama

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