Introduction The term mole (in reference to skin) describes a variety of skin imperfections. Many prefer the term beauty mark. The medical term for mole is melanocytic nevus. Moles may be tanned, brown, black, reddish brown, red, purple, or skin-coloured and perfectly flat or raised. Most moles are smaller than a pencil eraser (about 1/2 inch). Moles are skin…
Introduction Meningitis is an acute inflammatory condition. It affects the three lining layers of brain and spinal cord called the meninges. They form the protective coat around the delicate and important structures of central nervous system. An infection, possibly viral or bacterial to these meninges can cause severe damage to the nervous system and can…
Liver is a vital organ in human body with very important metabolic functions like enzyme release, digestion & absorption of fat, conversion of food into energy, energy storage and detoxification & elimination of waste products. It also filters toxic substances out of bloodstream. Liver disease is a general term that refers to any disease condition…
Introduction A lipoma is a lump beneath the skin caused by an overgrowth of fat cells. They are considered benign tumors or non-cancerous growths. In some cases, lipoma causes pain, complications, or other symptoms like cosmetic problems. Lipomas can occur anywhere on the body where fat cells are present, but they tend to appear mostly…
Introduction Lichen planus is an inflammatory skin condition, characterized by an itchy, non-infectious rash on the arms and legs. It consists of small, many-sided, flat-topped, pink or purple bumps. Considered to be an autoimmune disease, it typically occurs in people over the age of 30 years. It occurs more in females than in males. People with…
Introduction Leukoderma or Vitiligo is a long-term problem in which growing patches of skin lose their colour. It can affect people of any age, gender, or ethnic group. The patches appear when melanocytes within the skin die off. Melanocytes are the cells responsible for producing the skin pigment, melanin, which gives skin its colour and protects it…
Introduction Before the medical community had a better understanding of the mechanisms that cause disease, doctors believed certain ailments could originate from imbalances in the stomach. This was called hypochondriasis. (In Ancient Greek, hypochondrium refers to the upper part of the abdomen, the region between the breastbone and the navel.) This concept was rejected as science evolved…
Introduction Laryngitis is swelling and inflammation of the larynx. It can be acute or chronic, although in most cases the condition is temporary and has no serious consequences. The larynx, also referred to as the voice box, is home to the vocal cords. These are vital to the processes of breathing, swallowing, and talking. The…
Introduction Knee is the largest and one of the most complex joints in the body. Regardless of your daily routine being sedentary or moving, your knees can experience heavy wear and tear, so it’s important to take good care of them. Three large bones come together to form the knee joint: The femur, the tibia, and…
Introduction A bursa is a closed, fluid-filled sac that functions as a gliding surface to reduce friction between tissues of the body. The major bursae are located adjacent to the tendons near the large joints, such as the shoulders, elbows, hips, and knees. When a bursa becomes inflamed, the condition is known as bursitis. This…
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